India’s Industrial Policies: Rejecting the Old Status Quo and Creating the New

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Of India’s 1.4 billion people, approximately 565 million are part of the workforce, the majority in agriculture. The country’s working-age population is expected to increase significantly, and if it is to create sufficient jobs for its youth, facilitate economic growth, and increase exports, it will need a robust, growing manufacturing sector. India has long prioritised targeted industrial policy measures to boost manufacturing. While those measures occasionally obstruct foreign firms operating in India, violate World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules, and lead to trade disputes, they are also in keeping with the emerging global trade norms championed by the United States, the European Union, and China. However, some of India’s measures are even more stringent than those of other countries, and those industrial policy measures have not significantly boosted India’s manufacturing sector, which has remained stagnant.

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This memo is a part of CFR Expert Manjari Chatterjee Miller's project on India and the liberal international order published by the China Strategy Initiative's China 360° program. 

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